UKTools：安裝最新 Linux 內核的簡便方法 | Linux 中國

Ubuntu 中有許多實用程式可以將 Linux 核心升級到最新的穩定版本。我們之前已經寫過關於這些實用程式的文章，例如 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)、 Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility (UKUU) 和 Ubunsys。

另外還有一些其它實用程式可供使用。我們計劃在其它文章中包含這些，例如 ubuntu-mainline-kernel.sh 和從主線核心手動安裝的方式。

今天我們還會教你類似的使用工具 —— UKTools。你可以嘗試使用這些實用程式中的任何一個來將 Linux 核心升級至最新版本。

最新的核心版本附帶了安全漏洞修複和一些改進，因此，最好保持最新的核心版本以獲得可靠、安全和更好的硬體效能。

有時候最新的核心版本可能會有一些漏洞，並且會導致系統崩潰，這是你的風險。我建議你不要在生產環境中安裝它。

建議閱讀：

什麼是 UKTools

UKTools[4] 意思是 Ubuntu 內核工具，它包含兩個 shell 指令碼 ukupgrade 和 ukpurge。

ukupgrade 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade”，它允許使用者將 Linux 核心升級到 Ubuntu/Mint 的最新穩定版本以及基於 kernel.ubuntu.com[5] 的衍生版本。

ukpurge 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Purge”，它允許使用者在機器中刪除舊的 Linux 核心映象或頭檔案，用於 Ubuntu/Mint 和其衍生版本。它將只保留三個核心版本。

此實用程式沒有 GUI，但它看起來非常簡單直接，因此，新手可以在沒有任何問題的情況下進行升級。

我正在執行 Ubuntu 17.10，目前的核心版本如下：

$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 4.13.0-39-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 5 14:25:01 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

執行以下命令來獲取系統上已安裝內核的串列（Ubuntu 及其衍生產品）。目前我持有 7 個核心。

$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
ii linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image

如何安裝 UKTools

在 Ubuntu 及其衍生產品上，只需執行以下命令來安裝 UKTools 即可。

在你的系統上執行以下命令來克隆 UKTools 倉庫：

$ git clone https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools

進入 uktools 目錄：

$ cd uktools

執行 Makefile 以生成必要的檔案。此外，這將自動安裝最新的可用核心。只需重新啟動系統即可使用最新的核心。

$ sudo make
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Creating the directories if neccessary
Linking profile.d file for reboot message
Linking files to global sbin directory
Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade - by Mustafa Hasturk
------------------------------------------
This script is based on the work of Mustafa Hasturk and was reworked by
Caio Oliveira and modified and fixed by Christoph Kepler
Current Development and Maintenance by Christoph Kepler
Do you want the Stable Release (if not sure, press y)? (y/n): y
Do you want the Generic kernel? (y/n): y
Do you want to autoremove old kernel? (y/n): y
no crontab for root
Do you want to update the kernel automatically? (y/n): y
Setup complete. Update the kernel right now? (y/n): y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-36
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic
 linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic
 linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
 lynx-common
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 lynx lynx-common
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,498 kB of archives.
After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx-common all 2.8.9dev16-1 [873 kB]
Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx amd64 2.8.9dev16-1 [625 kB]
Fetched 1,498 kB in 12s (120 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package lynx-common.
(Reading database ... 441037 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../lynx-common_2.8.9dev16-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package lynx.
Preparing to unpack .../lynx_2.8.9dev16-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
Setting up lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
Setting up lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/lynx to provide /usr/bin/www-browser (www-browser) in auto mode
Cleaning old downloads in /tmp
Downloading the kernel's components...
Checksum for linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
Checksum for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
Checksum for linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
Downloading the shared kernel essay-header...
Checksum for linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb succeed
Installing Kernel and Headers...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607.
(Reading database ... 441141 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
Setting up linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic:
 linux-essay-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic depends on libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0); however:
 Package libssl1.1 is not installed.
Setting up linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
Setting up linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
Thanks for using this script! Hope it helped.
Give it a star: https://github.com/MarauderXtreme/uktools

$ sudo shutdown -r now

$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 4.16.7-041607-generic #201805021131 SMP Wed May 2 15:34:55 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

do-kernel-upgrade
do-kernel-purge

$ do-kernel-purge
Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira
This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge
---Current version:
Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic)
---Versions to remove:
4.13.0-16
4.13.0-17
4.13.0-32
4.13.0-36
4.13.0-37
---Do you want to remove the old kernels/essay-headers versions? (Y/n): y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic
 linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16* linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
After this operation, 318 MB disk space will be freed.
(Reading database ... 465582 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Removing linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-16 (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
Removing linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
(Reading database ... 430635 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
.
.
.
.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37* linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
After this operation, 321 MB disk space will be freed.
(Reading database ... 325772 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ...
Removing linux-essay-headers-4.13.0-37 (4.13.0-37.42) ...
Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ...
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
Removing linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
(Reading database ... 290810 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
Thanks for using this script!!!

$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic 4.16.7-041607.201805021131 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.16.7 on 64 bit x86 SMP

$ do-kernel-upgrade
Kernel up to date. Finishing

$ do-kernel-purge
Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira
This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge
---Current version:
Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic)
Nothing to remove!
Thanks for using this script!!!