知識星球
作者 | Prakash Subramanian
譯者 | XiatianSummer ? ? 共計翻譯：2 篇 貢獻時間：154 天
Ubuntu 18.04 版本已經釋出，並得到各個社群的一致好評，因為 Ubuntu 18.04 可能是 Ubuntu 多年來最令人興奮的版本。
通常情況下，Ubuntu 及其衍生版可以使用命令從一個版本升級到最新版本或者其它版本，這也是官方推薦的升級方式。
Ubuntu 18.04 特性/亮點
這次更新包含大量改進和新功能，這裡只列舉的幾個主要的。如果您想要更詳細的更新資訊，請訪問 Ubuntu 18.04 官方[1] 頁面。
註意：
zzupdate 是什麼？
我們可以只通過一條命令使用 zzupdate[2] 工具中將 Ubuntu PC/Server 從一個版本升級到另一個版本。它是一個自由開源工具，使用它不需要任何指令碼知識，因為它只需要配置檔案即可執行。
工具中提供兩個預設 shell 檔案。setup.sh 自動安裝、更新程式碼，將指令碼轉換為一個簡單的 zzupdate shell 命令。zzupdate.sh 將執行版本間的升級。
如何安裝 zzupdate？
要安裝 zzupdate，只需執行以下命令：
$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate/master/setup.sh | sudo sh
.
.
Installing...
-------------
Cloning into 'zzupdate'...
remote: Counting objects: 57, done.
remote: Total 57 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 57
Unpacking objects: 100% (57/57), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Already up-to-date.
Setup completed!
----------------
See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide.
將 Ubuntu 系統從一個版本升級到另一個版本，您不需要輸入很多命令，也不需要重新啟動，只需要執行下麵的 zzupdate 命令並坐下喝杯咖啡就可以了。
請註意，當您遠端升級系統時，建議您使用以下的工具來幫助您在任何斷開連線時重新連線會話。
建議閱讀： 如何讓一個行程/命令在 SSH 連線斷開後繼續執行[3]
如何配置 zzupdate（可選）
預設情況下，zzupdate 可以開箱即用，不需要配置任何東西。當然，如果您想要自己配置一些內容也是可以的。複製提供的示例配置檔案 zzupdate.default.conf 到 zzupdate.conf，併在 zzupdate.conf 中配置您的首選項。
$ sudo cp /usr/local/turbolab.it/zzupdate/zzupdate.default.conf /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf
開啟檔案，預設配置如下。
$ sudo nano /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf
REBOOT=1
REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15
VERSION_UPGRADE=1
VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0
COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1
SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0
REBOOT=1：系統在更新完成後自動重啟REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15：重啟的預設超時值VERSION_UPGRADE=1：執行從一個版本到另一個版本的版本升級VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0：禁用自動升級COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1：自動升級SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0：如果值為 0，將尋找相同種類的版本升級。例如您正在執行 LTS 的版本，那麼將尋找 LTS 的版本升級，而不是用於正常版本升級。如果值為 1，那麼無論您是執行 LTS 還是正常版本，都會查詢最新版本我現在正在使用 Ubuntu 17.10 ，檢視一下詳細資訊。
$ cat /etc/*-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=17.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=artful
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 17.10"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="17.10 (Artful Aardvark)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 17.10"
VERSION_ID="17.10"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=artful
UBUNTU_CODENAME=artful
要升級 Ubuntu 到最新版本，只需要執行以下命令：
$ sudo zzupdate
O===========================================================O
zzupdate - Wed May 2 17:31:16 IST 2018
O===========================================================O
Self-update and update of other zzScript
----------------------------------------
.
.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Updating...
----------
Already up-to-date.
Setup completed!
----------------
See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide.
Channel switching is disabled: using pre-existing setting
---------------------------------------------------------
Cleanup local cache
-------------------
Update available packages informations
--------------------------------------
Hit:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease
Ign:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease
Hit:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit:5 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease
Hit:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease
Hit:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease
.
.
UPGRADE PACKAGES
----------------
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Calculating upgrade...
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
.
.
Interactively upgrade to a new release, if any
----------------------------------------------
Reading cache
Checking package manager
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Ign http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease
Hit http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease
Fetched 0 B in 6s (0 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
我們需要按下回車鍵禁用第三方倉庫以繼續升級。
Updating repository information
Third party sources disabled
Some third party entries in your sources.list were disabled. You can
re-enable them after the upgrade with the 'software-properties' tool
or your package manager.
To continue please press [ENTER]
.
.
Get:35 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [2,180 B]
Get:36 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [1,644 B]
Fetched 38.2 MB in 6s (1,276 kB/s)
Checking package manager
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating the changes
Calculating the changes
開始下載 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 軟體包，所需時間取決於您的網路狀況，一般情況下這將需要幾分鐘。
Do you want to start the upgrade?
63 installed packages are no longer supported by Canonical. You can
still get support from the community.
4 packages are going to be removed. 175 new packages are going to be
installed. 1307 packages are going to be upgraded.
You have to download a total of 999 M. This download will take about
12 minutes with your connection.
Installing the upgrade can take several hours. Once the download has
finished, the process cannot be canceled.
Continue [yN] Details [d]y
Fetching
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 base-files amd64 10.1ubuntu2 [58.2 kB]
Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 debianutils amd64 4.8.4 [85.7 kB]
Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 bash amd64 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 [614 kB]
Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1 [3,612 kB]
.
.
Get:1477 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 liblouisutdml-bin amd64 2.7.0-1 [9,588 B]
Get:1478 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libtbb2 amd64 2017~U7-8 [110 kB]
Get:1479 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libyajl2 amd64 2.1.0-2build1 [20.0 kB]
Get:1480 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch amd64 2.5.2+repack0-2ubuntu1 [53.6 kB]
Get:1481 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch-data all 20170806-2 [30.7 kB]
Get:1482 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xbrlapi amd64 5.5-4ubuntu2 [61.8 kB]
Fetched 999 MB in 6s (721 kB/s)
安裝新軟體包時，很少有服務需要重新啟動。 點選 Yes 按鈕，它會自動重啟所需的服務。
Upgrading
Inhibiting until Ctrl+C is pressed...
Preconfiguring packages ...
Preconfiguring packages ...
Preconfiguring packages ...
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 441375 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../base-files_10.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Warning: Stopping motd-news.service, but it can still be activated by:
motd-news.timer
Unpacking base-files (10.1ubuntu2) over (9.6ubuntu102) ...
Setting up base-files (10.1ubuntu2) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/debian_version ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue.net ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/lsb-release ...
motd-news.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
(Reading database ... 441376 files and directories currently installed.)
.
.
Progress: [ 80%]
Progress: [ 85%]
Progress: [ 90%]
Progress: [ 95%]
現在刪除舊版的、系統不再需要的包。點選 y 以刪除。
Searching for obsolete software
ing package lists... 97%
ding package lists... 98%
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reading state information... 23%
Reading state information... 47%
Reading state information... 71%
Reading state information... 94%
Reading state information... Done
Remove obsolete packages?
88 packages are going to be removed.
Continue [yN] Details [d]y
.
.
.
done
Removing perlmagick (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6) ...
Removing snapd-login-service (1.23-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
升級成功，需要重啟系統。點選 y 以重啟系統。
System upgrade is complete.
Restart required
To finish the upgrade, a restart is required.
If you select 'y' the system will be restarted.
Continue [yN]y
註意： 少數情況下，會要求您確認配置檔案替換以繼續安裝。
檢視升級後的系統詳情：
$ cat /etc/*-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/zzupdate-single-command-to-upgrade-ubuntu-18-04/
作者：PRAKASH SUBRAMANIAN[5] 選題：lujun9972 譯者：XiatianSummer 校對：wxy
本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出
