(給ImportNew加星標,提高Java技能)
轉自:學習園
連結:blog.csdn.net/u010644448
引言:迴圈依賴就是N個類中迴圈巢狀取用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 物件的方式發生這種迴圈依賴的話程式會在執行時一直迴圈呼叫,直至記憶體上限溢位報錯。下麵說一下Spring是如果解決迴圈依賴的。
第一種:建構式引數迴圈依賴
Spring容器會將每一個正在建立的Bean 識別符號放在一個“當前建立Bean池”中,Bean識別符號在建立過程中將一直保持在這個池中。
因此如果在建立Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前建立Bean池”裡時將丟擲BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示迴圈依賴;而對於建立完畢的Bean將從“當前建立Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
public class StudentA {
private StudentB studentB ;
public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
}
public class StudentB {
private StudentC studentC ;
public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
public StudentB() {
}
public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
}
public class StudentC {
private StudentA studentA ;
public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
public StudentC() {
}
public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
}
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個迴圈依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實體化。
"a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="b">constructor-arg>
bean>
“b” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentB”>
<constructor-arg index=“0” ref=“c”>constructor-arg>
bean>
“c” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentC”>
<constructor-arg index=“0” ref=“a”>constructor-arg>
bean>
下麵是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
執行結果報錯資訊為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先建立單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然後將A放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然後將B放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,預設方式
如果要說setter方式註入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實體化的圖
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean物件實體化之後再設定物件屬性的
修改配置檔案為set方式註入
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentB" ref="b">property>
bean>
<bean id=“b” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentB” scope=“singleton”>
<property name=“studentC” ref=“c”>property>
bean>
<bean id=“c” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentC” scope=“singleton”>
<property name=“studentA” ref=“a”>property>
bean>
下麵是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
列印結果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什麼用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實體化Bean物件 ,此時Spring會將這個實體化結束的物件放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設定屬性的實體化物件取用的方法。
結合我們的實體來看,,當Spring實體化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC後,緊接著會去設定物件的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在裡面的單例StudentB物件,以此類推,不會出來迴圈的問題嘍、
下麵是Spring原始碼中的實現方法。以下的原始碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(快取單例實體化物件的Map集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean快取集合) */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身物件快取集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實體化物件名稱集合) */
private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
/**
* 新增單例實體
* 解決迴圈取用的問題
* Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
* if necessary.
* <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
* resolve circular references.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
*/
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置檔案為:
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentB" ref="b">property>
bean>
<bean id=“b” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentB” scope=“prototype”>
<property name=“studentC” ref=“c”>property>
bean>
<bean id=“c” class=“com.zfx.student.StudentC” scope=“prototype”>
<property name=“studentA” ref=“a”>property>
bean>
scope=”prototype” 意思是 每次請求都會建立一個實體物件。
兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實體,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實體化物件
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
列印結果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什麼原型樣式就報錯了呢 ?
對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴註入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容器不進行快取,因此無法提前暴露一個建立中的Bean。