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TLP：一個可以延長 Linux 筆記本電池壽命的高階電源管理工具 | Linux 中國

2019-05-13 分類：後端 閱讀(516) 評論(0)

多年來，Linux 在電池最佳化方面取得了很大進步，但我們仍然需要做一些必要的事情來改善 Linux 中膝上型電腦的電池壽命。

— Magesh Maruthamuthu

 

筆記本電池是針對 Windows 作業系統進行了高度最佳化的，當我在膝上型電腦中使用 Windows 作業系統時，我已經意識到這一點，但對於 Linux 來說卻不一樣。

多年來，Linux 在電池最佳化方面取得了很大進步，但我們仍然需要做一些必要的事情來改善 Linux 中膝上型電腦的電池壽命。

當我考慮延長電池壽命時，我沒有多少選擇，但我覺得 TLP 對我來說是一個更好的解決方案，所以我會繼續使用它。

在本教程中，我們將詳細討論 TLP 以延長電池壽命。

我們之前在我們的網站上寫過三篇關於 Linux 筆記本電池節電工具 的文章：PowerTOP 和 電池充電狀態。

TLP

TLP 是一款自由開源的高階電源管理工具，可在不進行任何配置更改的情況下延長電池壽命。

由於它的預設配置已針對電池壽命進行了最佳化，因此你可能只需要安裝，然後就忘記它吧。

此外，它可以高度定製化，以滿足你的特定要求。TLP 是一個具有自動後臺任務的純命令列工具。它不包含GUI。

TLP 適用於各種品牌的膝上型電腦。設定電池充電閾值僅適用於 IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad。

所有 TLP 設定都儲存在 /etc/default/tlp 中。其預設配置提供了開箱即用的最佳化的節能設定。

以下 TLP 設定可用於自定義，如果需要，你可以相應地進行必要的更改。

TLP 功能

◈ 核心膝上型電腦樣式和臟緩衝區超時
◈ 處理器頻率調整，包括 “turbo boost”/“turbo core”
◈ 限制最大/最小的 P 狀態以控制 CPU 的功耗
◈ HWP 能源效能提示
◈ 用於多核/超執行緒的功率感知行程排程程式
◈ 處理器效能與節能策略（x86_energy_perf_policy）
◈ 硬碟高階電源管理級別（APM）和降速超時（按磁碟）
◈ AHCI 鏈路電源管理（ALPM）與裝置黑名單
◈ PCIe 活動狀態電源管理（PCIe ASPM）
◈ PCI(e) 匯流排裝置的執行時電源管理
◈ Radeon 圖形電源管理（KMS 和 DPM）
◈ Wifi 省電樣式
◈ 關閉驅動器托架中的光碟驅動器
◈ 音訊省電樣式
◈ I/O 排程程式（按磁碟）
◈ USB 自動暫停，支援裝置黑名單/白名單（輸入裝置自動排除）
◈ 在系統啟動和關閉時啟用或禁用整合的 wifi、藍芽或 wwan 裝置
◈ 在系統啟動時恢復無線電裝置狀態（從之前的關機時的狀態）
◈ 無線電裝置嚮導：在網路連線/斷開和停靠/取消停靠時切換無線電
◈ 禁用 LAN 喚醒
◈ 掛起/休眠後恢復整合的 WWAN 和藍芽狀態
◈ 英特爾處理器的動態電源降低 —— 需要內核和 PHC-Patch 支援
◈ 電池充電閾值 —— 僅限 ThinkPad
◈ 重新校準電池 —— 僅限 ThinkPad

如何在 Linux 上安裝 TLP

TLP 包在大多數發行版官方儲存庫中都可用，因此，使用發行版的 包管理器 來安裝它。

對於 Fedora 系統，使用 DNF 命令 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo dnf install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

  1. $ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
  2. $ sudo dnf install http://repo.linrunner.de/fedora/tlp/repos/releases/tlp-release.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
  3. $ sudo dnf install akmod-tp_smapi akmod-acpi_call kernel-devel

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

  1. $ sudo dnf install smartmontools

對於 Debian/Ubuntu 系統，使用 APT-GET 命令 或 APT 命令 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

  1. $ sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

  1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

當基於 Ubuntu 的系統的官方軟體包過時時，請使用以下 PPA 儲存庫，該儲存庫提供最新版本。執行以下命令以使用 PPA 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，使用 Pacman 命令 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

  1. $ pacman -S tp_smapi acpi_call

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

  1. $ sudo pacman -S smartmontools

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，在啟動時啟用 TLP 和 TLP-Sleep 服務。

  1. $ sudo systemctl enable tlp.service
  2. $ sudo systemctl enable tlp-sleep.service

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，你還應該遮蔽以下服務以避免衝突，並確保 TLP 的無線電裝置切換選項的正確操作。

  1. $ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service
  2. $ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

對於 RHEL/CentOS 系統，使用 YUM 命令 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo yum install tlp tlp-rdw

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

  1. $ sudo yum install smartmontools

對於 openSUSE Leap 系統，使用 Zypper 命令 安裝 TLP。

  1. $ sudo zypper install TLP

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

  1. $ sudo zypper install smartmontools

成功安裝 TLP 後，使用以下命令啟動服務。

  1. $ systemctl start tlp.service

使用方法

顯示電池資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -b
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --battery
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Battery Status
  4. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP
  5. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23
  6. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)
  7. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]
  8. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 48850 [mWh]
  9. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 48850 [mWh]
  10. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 0 [mW]
  11. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Full
  13. Charge = 100.0 [%]
  14. Capacity = 81.4 [%]

顯示磁碟資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -d
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --disk
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Storage Devices
  4. /dev/sda:
  5. Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1
  6. Firmware = 02.01A02
  7. APM Level = 128
  8. Status = active/idle
  9. Scheduler = mq-deadline
  11. Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)
  13. SMART info:
  14. 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787
  15. 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0
  16. 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h]
  17. 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792
  18. 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25775
  19. 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]
  22. +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
  23. /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  24. /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  25. /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  26. /sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  28. +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
  29. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
  30. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
  31. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
  32. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

顯示 PCI 裝置資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -e
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --pcie
  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -e
  2. or
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --pcie
  5. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  7. +++ Runtime Power Management
  8. Device blacklist = (not configured)
  9. Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport
  11. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
  12. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
  13. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
  14. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd)
  16. ......

顯示圖形卡資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -g
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --graphics
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Intel Graphics
  4. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)
  5. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)
  6. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)
  7. /sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)

顯示處理器資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -p
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --processor
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Processor
  4. CPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  6. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
  7. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
  8. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave
  9. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 800000 [kHz]
  10. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 3500000 [kHz]
  11. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference = balance_power
  12. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_available_preferences = default performance balance_performance balance_power power
  14. ......
  16. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]
  17. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]
  18. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
  19. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]
  20. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28
  22. x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.
  24. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y
  25. /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0
  27. +++ Undervolting
  28. PHC kernel not available.

顯示系統資料資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -s
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --system
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ System Info
  4. System = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
  5. BIOS = CDCN35WW
  6. Release = "Manjaro Linux"
  7. Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
  8. /proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
  9. Init system = systemd
  10. Boot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)
  12. +++ TLP Status
  13. State = enabled
  14. Last run = 11:04:00 IST, 596 sec(s) ago
  15. Mode = battery
  16. Power source = battery

顯示溫度和風扇速度資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -t
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --temp
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Temperatures
  4. CPU temp = 36 [°C]
  5. Fan speed = (not available)

顯示 USB 裝置資料資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -u
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --usb
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ USB
  4. Autosuspend = disabled
  5. Device whitelist = (not configured)
  6. Device blacklist = (not configured)
  7. Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
  8. Phone blacklist = disabled
  9. WWAN blacklist = enabled
  11. Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
  12. Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)
  14. ......

顯示警告資訊

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat -w
  2. 或
  3. $ sudo tlp-stat --warn
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. No warnings detected.

狀態報告及配置和所有活動的設定

  1. $ sudo tlp-stat
  1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
  3. +++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlp
  4. TLP_ENABLE=1
  5. TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC
  6. TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0
  7. DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0
  8. DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2
  9. MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15
  10. MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60
  12. ......
  14. +++ System Info
  15. System = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
  16. BIOS = CDCN35WW
  17. Release = "Manjaro Linux"
  18. Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
  19. /proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
  20. Init system = systemd
  21. Boot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)
  23. +++ TLP Status
  24. State = enabled
  25. Last run = 11:04:00 IST, 684 sec(s) ago
  26. Mode = battery
  27. Power source = battery
  29. +++ Processor
  30. CPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  32. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
  33. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
  34. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave
  36. ......
  38. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]
  39. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]
  40. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
  41. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]
  42. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28
  44. x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.
  46. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y
  47. /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0
  49. +++ Undervolting
  50. PHC kernel not available.
  52. +++ Temperatures
  53. CPU temp = 42 [°C]
  54. Fan speed = (not available)
  56. +++ File System
  57. /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2
  58. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000
  59. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000
  60. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20
  61. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10
  63. +++ Storage Devices
  64. /dev/sda:
  65. Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1
  66. Firmware = 02.01A02
  67. APM Level = 128
  68. Status = active/idle
  69. Scheduler = mq-deadline
  71. Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)
  73. SMART info:
  74. 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787
  75. 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0
  76. 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h]
  77. 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792
  78. 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25777
  79. 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]
  82. +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
  83. /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  84. /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  85. /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  86. /sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
  88. +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
  89. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
  90. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
  91. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
  92. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on
  94. +++ PCIe Active State Power Management
  95. /sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = powersave
  97. +++ Intel Graphics
  98. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)
  99. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)
  100. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)
  101. /sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)
  103. +++ Wireless
  104. bluetooth = on
  105. wifi = on
  106. wwan = none (no device)
  108. hci0(btusb) : bluetooth, not connected
  109. wlp8s0(iwlwifi) : wifi, connected, power management = on
  111. +++ Audio
  112. /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1
  113. /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y
  115. +++ Runtime Power Management
  116. Device blacklist = (not configured)
  117. Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport
  119. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
  120. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
  121. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
  123. ......
  125. +++ USB
  126. Autosuspend = disabled
  127. Device whitelist = (not configured)
  128. Device blacklist = (not configured)
  129. Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
  130. Phone blacklist = disabled
  131. WWAN blacklist = enabled
  133. Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
  134. Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)
  135. Bus 001 Device 002 ID 17ef:6053 control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Lenovo (usbhid)
  136. Bus 001 Device 004 ID 8087:0a2b control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)
  137. Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)
  139. +++ Battery Status
  140. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP
  141. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23
  142. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)
  143. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]
  144. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 51690 [mWh]
  145. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 50140 [mWh]
  146. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 12185 [mW]
  147. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Discharging
  149. Charge = 97.0 [%]
  150. Capacity = 86.2 [%]

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